Monday, April 24, 2023

First death from new COVID-19 subvariant 'Arcturus' detected in Thailand


 


First death from new COVID-19 subvariant 'Arcturus' detected in Thailand


Amid a surge in cases globally, the first death from COVID-19's new variant, Arcturus, has been reported in Thailand, the health officials informed on Friday. An unnamed elderly man became the victim of the virus strain which is thought to be around 1.2 times more infectious than the last major sub-variant.

Dr Supakit Sirilak, director-general of the Medical Sciences Department stated that the deceased was a foreigner who had underlying health conditions as well.

"The dead person was an elderly foreigner with underlying health conditions. His death, therefore, may not directly reflect the severity of this subvariant but rather its impact on other risk factors," said Dr Sirilak.

Between April 9 and 15, the number of patients hospitalised in the country has seen an uptick of almost 2.5 times, compared to the previous week.

Subsequently, Thai health officials have issued a warning regarding the new subvariant and urged the public to err on the side of caution and practice Covid-appropriate behaviour.
Arcturus and its brief history

Notably, India was the first country to detect Arcturus. The highly contagious Covid strain has already been discovered in at least 24 countries. According to experts, the variant is a matter of discussion but not a cause of concern.

“It’s been in circulation for a few months. We haven’t seen a change in severity in individuals or in populations, but that’s why we have these systems in place. It has one additional mutation in the spike protein, which, in lab studies, shows increased infectivity as well as potential increased pathogenicity," Dr Maria Van Kerkhove, the WHO’s technical lead for Covid said last month.


In the US, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention has informed that the new strain is responsible for almost seven per cent of the coronavirus cases, coming only behind the Omicron variant.

According to the experts, the symptoms caused by Arcturus are nearly identical to the ones caused by the prior variants. However, the virus tends to produce conjunctivitis (inflammation of the outside of the eye) in the contracted person which is being classed as one of the distinguishing symptoms.
How to protect yourself from Arcturus?

Nothing out of the ordinary needs to be done to protect oneself from the new strain. Some of the most important measures include staying updated with vaccinations and booster doses, wearing a mask, social distancing, washing your hands, and attempting to spend time outdoors or in well-ventilated areas.

Monday, April 17, 2023

Covid-19 daily updates: Government makes mask mandatory - Here is how to wear mask properly

Covid-19 spike in India: At the workplace, the guidelines have suggested using sanitisers, proper cleaning of offices, thermal temperature scanners at office entries, and work-from-home option for employees showing signs of cold, cough, fever, and flu and suggested Covid test for them.





Covid-19 spike in India: India recorded 11,109 new coronavirus infections, the highest in 236 days, while the active cases increased to 49,622, according to the Union Health Ministry data updated on Friday. The death toll climbed to 5,31,064 with 29 deaths. As per the guidelines issued by Noida Health Department, wearing face masks is mandatory in offices, schools, colleges, hospitals, malls, cinema halls and public transport. Anyone who is not wearing a mask will not be allowed entry.


The new rule mandates people to use masks at places with more than 100 people- government offices, malls, and other locations. At the workplace, the guidelines have suggested using sanitisers, proper cleaning of offices, thermal temperature scanners at office entries, and work-from-home option for employees showing signs of cold, cough, fever, and flu and suggested Covid test for them.

Monday, April 3, 2023

Oral antiviral CD04872SC shows promise in neutralizing COVID-19 variants, offering hope for broad-spectrum treatment


 


Oral antiviral CD04872SC shows promise in neutralizing COVID-19 variants, offering hope for broad-spectrum treatment


In a recent article published in the journal Biomedicines, researchers at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy discuss their discovery of a small molecule drug candidate that could provide immediate protection against infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and markedly shorten the course of illness.

Background

SARS-CoV-2 and its continuously emerging variants, the most recent of which include the Omicron sublineages, continue to cause infections worldwide and threaten patients of all ages. These variants have demonstrated the ease with which this lethal virus can accommodate antigenic changes in its spike (S) protein without losing its replication and immune-evading abilities. Therefore, identifying effective antivirals to combat COVID-19 is crucial.

About the study

In the present study, researchers perform in silico screening of 1,509,984 feature-rich compounds in the small molecule databases of UH Research Computing Data Core to identify top hits against the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein. The top 15 molecules that disrupted the interaction between the S protein and host cell target, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, were selected, evaluated, and ranked in cell-based assays.

To this end, the researchers performed infection inhibition drug screening and cell cytotoxicity assays. Furthermore, the team used a Protein Thermal Shift assay based on differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) utilizing a specialized fluorogenic dye to analyze stability changes of viral particles in the presence of the lead candidate CD04872SC.

Thermal shift assays quantify variations in temperatures at which a protein denatures, thereby indicating a protein’s stability under varying conditions, such as when it is attached to a drug or encounters varying pH. In the current study, a thermal shift assay was performed to demonstrate the binding between CD04872SC and the S glycoprotein of various SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Results

Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that some of the compounds from the Maybridge and ZINC libraries had favorable interactions with the ACE-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) interface. One small molecule, CD04872SC, formed the closest association in functional in vitro assays using its amide carbonyl and the backbone N of GLY169 at a resolution of 3.1 Å. This compound also established hydrophobic interactions with TYR116, TYR172, and TYR162.

CD04872SC exhibited a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 248 μM and was found to inhibit infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants with EC50 values of 152 μM and 308 μM, respectively. In cell cytotoxicity assays, CD04872SC showed no significant cell cytotoxicity within the tested concentrations.

Real-time melt experiments demonstrated the direct binding between CD04872SC and the S glycoprotein of each tested SARS-CoV-2 variant. The authors also noted a difference of about 3 °C in the stability of the SARS-CoV-2 viral suspensions in the presence of CD04872SC compared to its absence. Delta and Omicron exhibited similar stabilizing tendencies.

Conclusions

To summarize, the current study suggested that in striking contrast to vaccines, neutralizing small molecules could provide immediate protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, irrespective of the age or immunity status of the individual. Such agents would have higher efficacy in high-risk populations, including immunocompromised individuals who do not adequately produce neutralizing antibodies (nAbs).

Further development of CD04872SC derivatives, including preclinical testing of their effectiveness in animal models, is still warranted to establish these agents as a potential treatment for COVID-19 and a more cost-effective substitute to expensive neutralizing mAb treatments.

International Conference on Infectious Diseases