Tooth Decay Surprise: New Bacterial Culprit Discovered.

A collaborative study by scientists from the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine and the Adams School of Dentistry and the Gillings School of Global Public Health at the University of North Carolina has found that the bacterial species Selenomonas sputigena can play a significant role in causing tooth decay.

For a long time, Streptococcus mutans, a bacteria known for forming plaque and producing acid, has been identified as the chief contributor to tooth decay, or cavities. However, the recent study, recently published in the journal Nature Communications, revealed that S. sputigena, a bacteria previously only linked to gum disease, can significantly boost the cavity-creating capacity of S. mutans by working in synergy with it.

“This was an unexpected finding that gives us new insights into the development of caries, highlights potential future targets for cavity prevention, and reveals novel mechanisms of bacterial biofilm formation that may be relevant in other clinical contexts,” said study co-senior author Hyun (Michel) Koo DDS, Ph.D., a professor in the Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatrics and Community Oral Health and Co-Director of the Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry at Penn Dental Medicine.

The other two co-senior authors of the study were Kimon Divaris, Ph.D., DDS, professor at UNC’s Adams School of Dentistry, and Di Wu, Ph.D., associate professor at the Adams School and at the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health.

“This was a perfect example of collaborative science that couldn’t have been done without the complementary expertise of many groups and individual investigators and trainees,” Divaris said.
Caries is considered the most common chronic disease in children and adults in the U.S. and worldwide. It arises when S. mutans and other acid-making bacteria are insufficiently removed by teeth-brushing and other oral care methods, and end up forming a protective biofilm, or “plaque,” on teeth. Within plaque, these bacteria consume sugars from drinks or food, converting them to acids. If the plaque is left in place for too long, these acids start to erode the enamel of affected teeth, in time creating cavities.

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