Infectious Diseases

Infectious Diseases


What Are Infectious Diseases?

Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by organisms (or contact with organisms). Bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses can all cause infection.


Four Types of Infectious Disease:

Bacterial Infection

Bacteria are single-cell organisms. Infectious bacteria reproduce quickly in your body, making you sick. Antibiotics treat a bacterial infection.

Fungal Infection

Fungi are organisms that can grow almost anywhere. They live in air and water, on indoor surfaces and in your body. Many fungi are harmless, but some can cause infection and serious illness.

Parasitic Infection

A parasite is an organism that requires a host to survive. Parasites live in or on their hosts and feed off them. Giardiasis, the most common parasitic infection in the U.S., often spreads through contaminated water.

Viral Infection

Viruses are germs made of DNA or RNA. They invade cells in your body and multiply (replicate). There are many different viruses, and each one targets a specific type of cell. For instance, the flu infects cells in your respiratory system.


How Are Infectious Diseases Spread?

There are many ways infections can spread. You can catch an infectious disease from an infected person, animal or insect. Contaminated food, soil or water can also cause infectious disease.

When an infectious disease spreads between people, it is also called a contagious disease. Not all infectious diseases are contagious.


Modes of transmission include:

Contaminated Food or Water

Fecal matter from an infected person can contaminate food and water sources. Consuming even a small amount can make you very sick.

Direct Contact With an Animal

An animal can spread infection by licking, biting or scratching you. This can lead to zoonotic diseases such as bird flu and rabies.

Direct Contact With a Person

Some infections spread through direct contact with an infected person. Direct contact includes coughing and sneezing as well as kissing, touching and sexual contact.

Insect Bites

Insects like mosquitoes, ticks and fleas feed off infected people or animals. When an insect carrying infected blood bites you, you can become infected. These infections cause vector-borne diseases.


Website: International Conference on Infectious Diseases.

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