Salmonella Infections in Children

Salmonella Infections in Children

Salmonella bacteria cause more than a million infections each year in the United States. Most often, people get sick after eating food contaminated with Salmonella. Their symptoms usually include diarrhea, fever and stomach cramps. Salmonella illness can sometimes be severe enough to require a hospital stay.

Who is most at risk from Salmonella?

Infections occur most often in infants and children younger than 4 years because their immune systems are still developing. Babies who are not breastfed are also more likely to get sick from Salmonella. Infants may be exposed to Salmonella if they eat contaminated food or come into contact with contaminated surfaces or sick family members.

Elderly people and those whose immune systems are weakened from certain medical conditions (such as diabetes, liver or kidney disease and cancer) or treatments also are at increased risk.
How does Salmonella spread?

Salmonella bacteria usually spread to humans by animal products such as poultry, beef, fish, eggs and dairy products. At times, though, other foods such as fruits, vegetables and bakery products have caused outbreaks. Most often, this happens when these foods were contaminated by contact with an animal product.

The bacteria can also be spread by drinking contaminated water. Salmonella outbreaks have been linked to infected pets such as backyard poultry, snakes, small turtles, lizards and other reptiles. And, it can spread by contact with contaminated pet food. Typhoid fever, which is also caused by Salmonella, is only spread through contact with an infected person or an item contaminated by an infected person.

Signs & symptoms of Salmonella infection

Salmonella bacteria are best known for being a cause of diarrhea. This type of illness, called gastroenteritis, typically happens after eating food that has been contaminated with Salmonella.

When your child has a Salmonella infection that causes gastroenteritis, they may have symptoms such as:

Diarrhea
Abdominal cramps and tenderness
Fever

While the overwhelming number of people with Salmonella infection have gastroenteritis, the bacteria also can cause a variety of other disorders, including:

Bacteria in the blood (bacteremia)
Inflammation of the membranes of the brain or spinal cord (meningitis)
Inflammation of the bone (osteomyelitis)

How to prevent Salmonella infection

Salmonella infections can often be prevented by practicing good hygiene techniques during food preparation, as well as regular hand washing. Be sure to thoroughly cook eggs, poultry and ground beef. Hands should always be washed after playing with pets, especially lizards and pet turtles.

If your child has a problem with their immune system: Avoid reptiles used as pets, such as lizards and snakes. Children with sickle cell anemia are at risk for Salmonella infection of the bones. Families of these children should avoid having reptiles and amphibians as pets.

If you plan travel to an area where typhoid exists: Make an appointment with your doctor (preferably 1-2 months before travel) to discuss vaccination against the infection. See Precautions for International Travel: Information for Parents.


Website: International Conference on Infectious Diseases.

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