Almost all children get infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) at least once before they are 2 years old. For most healthy children, RSV is like a cold. But some children get very sick with RSV.
What is RSV?
RSV is one of the many viruses that cause respiratory illness. It spreads like a cold virus from person to person. It enters the body through the nose or eyes, usually from contact with infected saliva, mucus or nasal discharge.
These infections usually occur in the late fall through early spring months. The timing can vary in some parts of the country.
RSV is the most common cause of hospitalization in children under age 1 year. Two to three out of every 100 infants in the US with RSV infection may require a hospital stay. Those babies may need oxygen to help with breathing or (intravenous) IV fluids if they are not eating or drinking. Most of these children get better and can go home after a few days.
New ways to protect babies from RSV
There are new immunizations to protect babies from severe illness during RSV season. You can choose RSV immunization during pregnancy, or your baby can be immunized after they are born. Most infants will likely only need protection from either the maternal RSV vaccine or infant immunization, but not both.
RSV vaccine during pregnancy
Pregnant people can receive the maternal RSV vaccine (Abrysvo) at 32 through 36 weeks of pregnancy if their baby will be born during RSV season. The vaccine is given from September through January and reduces the risk of RSV hospitalization for babies by 57% in their first six months after birth.
The RSV vaccine for pregnant people is given just once. If you received the RSV vaccine during any pregnancy, you should not get another dose if you are pregnant again. Babies born from later pregnancies should receive the immunization for babies. See below for information about the infant immunization.
RSV immunization for babies
For infants and some toddlers, an RSV immunization called nirsevimab (Beyfortus) can be given as an injection during or just before RSV season. Babies can get it at the hospital when they are born or at their checkup visit. Nirsevimab has been shown to be spproximately 80-90% effective in preventing infants from being hospitalized with RSV.
The shot works a little differently than a traditional vaccine. It provides preventive antibodies that start working to protect babies right away. The protection lasts throughout a typical RSV season.
What about palivizumab?
For some children, there is another product called palivizumab that is given as an injection once a month during RSV season. It is for children under age 24 months with certain conditions that place them at high risk for severe RSV. High risk children should receive palivizumab if nirsevimab is not available.
Children who receive nirsevimab should not get palivizumab. However, if your child did not get all doses of palivizumab, they may be eligible for nirsevimab. Children who received palivizumab in their first season can get nirsevimab in their second season if they are eligible.
RSV symptoms in babies
Typically, RSV causes cold symptoms, which may be followed by bronchiolitis or pneumonia which are infections of the lower airways in the chest or lungs. RSV symptoms are typically at their worst on days 3 through 5 of illness. Symptoms generally last an average of 7-14 days.
Website: International Conference on Infectious Diseases
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