A recent outbreak of the bleeding eye virus in Rwanda has resulted in the tragic deaths of 15 people. Understand its symptoms, causes and its potential risks.
Bleeding eye virus: Marburg virus spreads further
In addition to the recent bleeding eye virus outbreak in Rwanda, which killed 15 people, the most recent significant outbreak occurred in February 2023 in Equatorial Guinea. This outbreak confirmed 16 cases, with 12 deaths, and nearly 200 people were quarantined to prevent further spread. While Marburg has previously caused outbreaks and isolated cases across various African regions—such as Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda—this marked Equatorial Guinea’s first outbreak.
What is the bleeding eye virus?
Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe, often fatal illness caused by a bat-borne virus that can affect multiple organs and lead to bleeding. First identified in 1967, it is a zoonotic disease belonging to the filovirus family, which also includes the six species of Ebola virus, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). One of the key symptoms of Marburg is bleeding from the eyes, though this is rare, it is highly infectious.
Transmission of bleeding eye virus
The virus spreads through direct contact with infected people, particularly their blood or bodily fluids such as feces, vomit, saliva, urine, and respiratory secretions, which contain a high concentration of the virus. Marburg can also be transmitted through infected semen, with the potential for transmission up to seven weeks after a person has clinically recovered. Due to its highly contagious nature and severe symptoms, early detection and strict isolation measures are essential in controlling outbreaks.
What are the symptoms of Marburg or bleeding eye virus?
The incubation period (interval from infection to onset of symptoms) varies from 2 to 21 days. Marburg virus disease (MVD) begins suddenly with symptoms like fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain (myalgia). A maculopapular rash may appear after 2-7 days, particularly on the chest, back, and stomach. Additional symptoms include nausea, vomiting, chest pain, sore throat, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, as per the WHO.
What is the treatment for bleeding eye virus?
There is no specific antiviral treatment for Marburg virus disease. However, health authorities may use treatments such as rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids to balance electrolytes and manage symptoms like fever and pain, which may even increase survival rates. Apart from this, patients may receive oxygen therapy, blood transfusions, or medications to control bleeding and organ failure.
Website: International Conference on Infectious Diseases
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