INTRODUCTION
Dietary fibers, essential components of a balanced diet, are categorized based on solubility into soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), each serving distinct physiological functions. Recent studies have shown their significant role not only in gut health but also in systemic metabolic processes like thermogenesis. This research focused on exploring how the solubility of dietary fibers influences body heat production and gut microbiota composition in rats. By utilizing a model with twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats divided into three dietary groups (no fiber, SDF, and IDF), the study aimed to identify specific mechanisms and biological changes induced by these fibers. The findings provide critical insights into the metabolic benefits of SDF and IDF, establishing their potential therapeutic applications for obesity and metabolic diseases.
EFFECTS OF SOLUBLE AND INSOLUBLE FIBERS ON BODY WEIGHT AND FEED INTAKE
The intake of dietary fibers had a marked impact on body weight management and feed consumption among the rats. Notably, rats in the SDF group exhibited significantly lower body weight gain and feed intake compared to the control group (P < 0.001). These results suggest that SDF not only reduces appetite but also promotes satiety, likely contributing to improved energy balance. In contrast, the IDF group did not exhibit a comparable reduction in body weight or intake, highlighting the unique effectiveness of soluble fibers. The distinct outcomes between SDF and IDF underscore the importance of fiber type in dietary interventions targeting obesity and related metabolic disorders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLUCOSE TOLERANCE VIA FIBER SUPPLEMENTATION
Both soluble and insoluble fiber supplementation led to notable improvements in glucose tolerance among the rats. The study demonstrated that rats fed either SDF or IDF had significantly enhanced glucose tolerance compared to the fiber-free control group (P < 0.05). This improvement is indicative of better insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, which are crucial factors in preventing type 2 diabetes. The mechanism behind this beneficial effect may involve the modulation of gut microbiota, reduction of systemic inflammation, and improved metabolic signaling pathways influenced by fiber intake, showcasing dietary fibers as a simple yet powerful tool in metabolic health management.
GENE EXPRESSION OF THERMOGENESIS-RELATED MARKERS IN WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE
One of the groundbreaking findings of the study was the upregulation of thermogenesis-related genes in inguinal white adipose tissue due to fiber intake. Specifically, the mRNA expression of CIDEA, HOXC8, and TMEM26 was significantly elevated in rats receiving both SDF and IDF (P < 0.05). These genes are associated with the browning of white fat, a process that transforms energy-storing white fat into energy-burning beige fat. The activation of these genes suggests that both types of fibers contribute to an enhanced thermogenic capacity in white adipose tissue, offering a promising strategy for increasing energy expenditure and combating obesity.
UCP1 AND THERMOGENIC PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE
Soluble dietary fiber exhibited a superior ability to stimulate thermogenic protein expression in brown adipose tissue. Rats in the SDF group had significantly higher levels of UCP1, CIDEA, and HOXC8 proteins compared to the control group (P < 0.01). UCP1 plays a pivotal role in uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, thereby generating heat instead of storing energy as ATP. This enhanced expression indicates that SDF can potentiate the thermogenic function of brown fat, providing an additional metabolic advantage. The ability of soluble fibers to activate brown fat thermogenesis represents a novel nutritional approach to increase basal metabolic rate and support weight loss.
MODULATION OF GUT MICROBIOTA BY SOLUBLE FIBER
Another critical aspect of the study was the impact of fiber solubility on gut microbial composition. Rats in the SDF group showed a significant increase in the abundance of beneficial genera such as Faecalibaculum and Gemmiger, both members of the Clostridiales order (P < 0.001). These microbes are known to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which enhance energy metabolism and stimulate thermogenesis. The findings highlight how soluble fibers can selectively enrich beneficial gut bacteria, leading to systemic metabolic improvements. This microbiota modulation represents an important mechanism through which dietary fibers exert their anti-obesity and pro-metabolic effects.
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#DietaryFiber #SolubleFiber #InsolubleFiber #Thermogenesis #GutMicrobiota #MetabolicHealth #ObesityResearch #GlucoseTolerance #UCP1 #BrownFatActivation #WhiteFatBrowning #AdiposeTissue #GeneExpression #GutHealth #MicrobiomeResearch #NutritionalScience #EnergyMetabolism #FiberResearch #WeightManagement #Clostridiales
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